Role of Commuting Time on Explaining Gender Wage Gap in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2023.011.01.7Keywords:
gender wage gap, commuting, labor market, indonesiaAbstract
Purpose
This research aims to identify the role of commuting time on explaining gender wage gap in Indonesia
Design/methodology/approach
Using dataset from National Labor Survey (Sakernas) 2019, this research estimated 33.6% wage gap between men and women.
Findings
The inclusion of commuting characteristics showed an increase of explained gender wage gap proportion from 14.2% to 22.6%. The commuting time variable contributes to 14.6% of the explained wage gap.
Research limitations/implications
From the results it can be identified that the increase of women’s commuting time has the potential to reduce gender wage gap in Indonesia.
Originality/value
Gender wage gap is a labor market discrimination issue that persists worldwide, including Indonesia. Previous researches pointed out that the gender wage gap in Indonesia is mainly composed of parts unexplained by demographic, human capital, and job characteristics. While the commuting characteristics have the potential to explain more of the gender wage gap, it is still underexplored in Indonesia.
References
Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2017). The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 55, 57–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1tm7gsm.15
Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates. 8(4), 436–455.
Ehrenberg, R. G., & Smith, R. S. (2018). Modern Labor Economics : Theory and Public Policy Thirteenth Edition Ronald (13th ed.). Routledge. www.routledge.com/cw/ehrenberg
French, M. T., Popovici, I., & Timming, A. R. (2020). Analysing the effect of commuting time on earnings among young adults. Applied Economics, 52(48), 5282–5297. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1761537
Hanson, S., & Pratt, G. (1996). Gender, Work and Space. In Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers (Vol. 21, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.2307/622939
Hennigusnia. (2014). Kesenjangan Upah Antar Jender di Indonesia: Glass Ceiling Atau Sticky Floor? (Gender Wage Gap In Indonesia: Glass Ceiling Or Sticky Floor?). Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, 9(2), 83–96.
Kwon, K., & Akar, G. (2021). Have the gender differences in commuting been shrinking or persistent? Evidence from two-earner households in the U.S. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2021.1971345
Levinson, D. M. (1998). Accessibility and the journey to work. Journal of Transport Geography, 6(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6923(97)00036-7
Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets. 14(3), 693–709.
Paweenawat, S. W., & Liao, L. (2022). Parenthood penalty and gender wage gap: Recent evidence from Thailand. Journal of Asian Economics, 78(December 2021), 101435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101435
Roberts, J., Hodgson, R., & Dolan, P. (2011). “It’s driving her mad”: Gender differences in the effects of commuting on psychological health. Journal of Health Economics, 30(5), 1064–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.07.006
Sohn, K. (2015). Gender Discrimination in Earnings in Indonesia: A Fuller Picture. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 51(1), 95–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1016569
Sukma, W. L., & Kadir. (2019). Decomposition of the Gender Wage Gap in Indonesia: Analysis from Sakernas Data. Economic Policy, 2116, 0–33.
Troncoso, R., de Grange, L., & Rodríguez, D. (2021). The impact of commute time on the gender wage gap: An empirical analysis. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(3), 1106–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.05.011
UN Women. (2018). Why Gender Equality Matters Across All SGDs. In Turning Promises into Action: Gender Equality in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/sdg-report
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.